| |
Dr. Gerald Edwards
.jpg) 509-335-2539
edwardsg@wsu.edu
Professor, School of Biological Sciences. Ph.D. 1969, University
of California, Riverside.
Research
For over 30 years, I have worked
photosynthesis, including effects of environmental stress and potential
global climate change, with studies ranging from the cellular to
the whole plant level. Research on the mechanism and evolution
of carbon assimilation includes studies on C3, C4 and
Crassulacean acid metabolism species. Recent research on C4 photosynthesis
has been focused on diversity in structure, function and evolution.
One project involves studies in the family Chenopodiaceae that
includes collections of species from Central Asian Deserts that
are adapted to high temperature, drought, and salinity. The goal
is to characterize the structural, functional, and evolutionary
relationships among species and their adaptation to different environments.
Most recently we have shown from studies on chenopods that C4 photosynthesis,
surprisingly, can occur in a single photosynthetic cell (i.e. without
the Kranz anatomy which was previously thought to be required).
Another project, with Dr. Okita, involves studies on source-sink
relationships in carbon partitioning using Arabidopsis as a model
system, and rice as an important crop. The ultimate goal of this
research, besides basic knowledge about photosynthesis, is directed
towards enhancing productivity of crops. For example, the discovery
of single cell C4 photosynthesis breaks the paradigm
that it would be essential to engineer Kranz anatomy into C3 crop
plants in order for them to perform more efficiently under stressful
conditions.
Selected
Publications
Voznesenskaya, E.V., S.D.X. Chuong, N.K. Koteyeva, V.R. Franceschi,
H. Freitag and G.E. Edwards. Structural, biochemical and
physiological characterization of C4 photosynthesis
in species having two vastly different types of Kranz anatomy in
genus Suaeda (Chenopodiaceae). Plant
Biology (in press).
Maricle, B.R., R.W. Lee, C.E. Hellquist, O. Kiirats, G.E. Edwards.
Effects of salinity on chlorophyll fluorescence and CO2 fixation
in C4 estuarine grasses. Photosynthetica
(in press).
Akhani H., G.E .Edwards, E. Roalson. Diversification of the Old
World Salsoleae s.l. (Chenopodiaceae): Molecular phylogenetic analysis
of nuclear and chloroplast datasets and a revised classification.
International Journal of Plant Sciences (in press).
Ivanov, B., K. Asada, G.E. Edwards. Analysis of donors of electrons
to photosystem I and cyclic electron flow by redox kinetics of
P700 in chloroplasts of isolated bundle sheath strands of maize. Photosynthesis
Research (in press).
Murphy, L.R., J. Barroca, V.R. Franceschi, R. Lee, E.H. Roalson,
G.E. Edwards and M.S.B. Ku. Diversity and plasticity of C4 photosynthesis
in Eleocharis (Cyperaceae).
Functional Plant Biol (in press).
Sickler, C.M., G.E. Edwards, O. Kiirats, Z. Gao and W. Loescher.
2007. Response of mannitol-producing Arabidopsis thaliana to
abiotic stress. Special Issue in Memory of Vincent R. Franceschi.
Functional Plant Biol. 34:382-391.
Boyd, C.N., V.R. Franceschi, S.D.X. Chuong, H. Akhani, O. Kiirats,
M. Smith and G.E. Edwards. 2007. Flowers of Bienertia cycloptera and Suaeda
aralocaspica (Chenopodiaceae) complete the life cycle performing
single-cell C4 photosynthesis. Special Issue in
Memory of Vincent R. Franceschi. Functional Plant Biology 34:268-281.
Voznesenskaya E.V., N. Koteyeva, S.D.X. Chuong, A. Ivanova, J.
Barroca and G.E. Edwards. 2007. Physiological, anatomical and biochemical
characterization of photosynthetic types in genus Cleome (Cleomaceae).
Special Issue in Memory of Vincent R. Franceschi. Functional Plant
Biol. 34:247-267.
Lara, M.V., S.D.X. Chuong, H. Akhani, C.S. Andreo and G.E. Edwards.
2006. Species having C4 single cell type photosynthesis
in family Chenopodiaceae evolved a photosynthetic phosphoenolpyruvate
carboxylase like that of C4 Kranz type species. Plant
Physiology 142:673-684.
Edwards, G.E., E. Voznesenskaya, M. Smith, N. Koteyeva, Y. Park,
J.-H. Park, O. Kiirats, T.W. Okita and S.D.X. Chuong. Breaking
the Kranz paradigm in terrestrial C4 plants: Does it
hold promise for C4 rice? In: Proceedings of the 2006
meeting of the C4 Rice Consortium (Sheehy J.E., Mitchell
P.L. and Hardy B., editors). International Rice Research
Institute, Makati City, Philippines.
Chuong, S.D.X., V.R. Franceschi and G.E. Edwards. 2006. Two unique
patterns of organelle partitioning required for C4 photosynthesis
in a single cell are maintained by the cytoskeleton in family Chenopodiaceae.
The Plant Cell 18:2207-2223.
Barkan, L., M.A. Evans and G.E. Edwards. 2006. Increasing UV-B
induces biphasic leaf cell expansion in Phaseolus
vulgaris, suggesting
multiple mechanisms for controlling plant growth. Photochemistry
and Photobiology 82:1612-1620.
Kapralov M.V., H. Akhani, E.V. Voznesenskaya, G. Edwards, V. Franceschi,
E. Roalson. 2006. Phylogenetic relationships in the Salicornioideae/Suaedoideae/Salsoloideae
s.l. (Chenopodiaceae) clade and a clarification of the phylogenetic
position of Bienertia and Alexandra using multiple DNA sequence
datasets. Systematic Botany 31:571-585
Voznesenskaya, E.V., V.R. Franceschi, S.D.X. Chuong and G.E. Edwards.
2006. Functional characterization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
type C4 leaf anatomy: Immuno, cytochemical and ultrastructural
analyses. Annals of Botany 98:77-91.
Obana, Y., D. Omoto, C. Kato, K. Matsumoto, Y. Nagai, I.H. Kavakli,
S. Hamada, G.E. Edwards, T.W. Okita, H. Matsui and H. Ito. 2006.
Enhanced turnover of transitory starch by expression of up-regulated
ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylases in Arabidopsis
thaliana. Plant Science
170:1-11.
Voznesenskaya E.V., N.K. Koteyeva, S.D.X. Chuong, G.E. Edwards,
H. Akhani and V.R. Franceschi. 2005. Differentiation of cellular
and biochemical features of the single cell C4 syndrome
during leaf development in Bienertia cycloptera (Chenopodiaceae).
(article highlighted on cover page of issue) Am. J. Bot. 92:1784-1795.
Barroca J., L.R. Murphy, V.R. Franceschi, R. Lee, E. Roalson,
G.E. Edwards, M.S. Ku. 2005. Diversification and plasticity of
C4 photosynthetic
pathway in Eleocharis (Cyperaceae). In: Photosynthesis:
Fundamental Aspects to Global Perspectives. Eds. A. van der Est
and D. Bruce. Springer. pp. 646-648.
Akhani H., J. Barroca, N. Koteyeva, E. Voznesenskaya, V. Franceschi,
G. Edwards, S.M. Ghaffari, W. Stichler and H. Ziegler. 2005. Bienertia
sinuspersici (Chenopodiaceae): A new species from SW Asia
and discovery of a third terrestrial C4 plant without
Kranz anatomy. Systematic Botany 30:290-301.
Kramer D.M., A. Kanazawa, J.A. Cruz, B. Ivanov, and G.E. Edwards.
2005. The relationship between photosynthetic electron transfer
and its regulation. In: G.C. Papageorgiou, Govindjee, eds, Chlorophyll
a Fluorescence: A Signature of Photosynthesis. Springer, New York,
NY. pp. 251-278.
Cruz J.A., T.J. Avenson, A. Kanazawa, K. Takizawa, G.E. Edwards,
D.M. Kramer. 2005. Plasticity in light reactions of photosynthesis
for energy production and photoprotection. J Exp Bot. 56:395-406.
Ivanov B., K. Asada, D. Kramer and G.E. Edwards. 2005. Characterization
of photosynthetic electron transport in bundle sheath cells of
maize. Ascorbate can effectively charge cyclic electron flow. Planta
220:572-581.
Voznesenskaya E.V., S.D.X. Chuong, O. Kiirats, V.R. Franceschi,
G.E. Edwards. 2005. Evidence that C4 species in genus
Stipagrostis, family Poaceae, is NADP-malic enzyme subtype
with nonclassical type of Kranz anatomy (Stipagrostoid). Plant
Science 168:731-739.
Voznesenskaya E.V., S.D.X. Choung, N.K. Koteyeva, G.E. Edwards,
V.R. Franceschi. 2005. Functional compartmentation of C4 photosynthesis
in the triple-layered chlorenchyma of Aristida (Poaceae).
Functional Plant Biology 32:67-77.
Kramer D.M., T.J. Avenson and G.E. Edwards. 2004. Response to
Johnson: Controversy remains: Regulation of pH gradient across
the thylakoid membrane. Trends in Plant Science 9:571-572.
Sakulsingharoj C., S.-B. Choi, S.-K. Hwang, G.E. Edwards, J. Bork,
C.R. Meyer, J. Preiss, T.W. Okita. 2004. Engineering starch biosynthesis
for increasing rice seed weight: the role of the cytoplasmic ADP-glucose
pyrophosphorylase. Plant Science 167:1323-1333.
Kramer D.M., T.J. Avenson, G.E. Edwards. 2004. Dynamic flexibility
in the light reactions of photosynthesis governed by both electron
and proton transfer reactions. Trends in Plant Science 9:339-348.
Walker D. and G. Edwards. 2004. Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation.
In: Molecular to Global Photosynthesis. Series on Photoconversion
of Solar Energy, v. 2. Eds. M.D. Archer and J. Barber. pp. 189-220.
Invited chapter. Singapore: World Scientific Pres.
Kramer D.M., G. Johnson, O. Kiirats and G.E. Edwards. 2004. New
fluorescence parameters for the determination of QA redox status
and excitation energy fluxes. Photosynthesis Research. 79:209-218.
Voznesenskaya E.V., V.R. Franceschi, G.E. Edwards. 2004. Light
dependent development of single cell C4 photosynthesis
in cotyledons of Borszczowia aralocaspica (Chenopodiaceae)
during transformation from a storage to a photosynthetic organ.
Annals of Botany. 93:1-11.
Edwards G.E., V.R. Franceschi, E.V. Voznesenskaya. 2004. Single-cell
C4 photosynthesis versus the dual-cell (Kranz) paradigm.
Annual Review of Plant Biology. 55:173-196.
Sakulsinghasroj C., S.-B. Choi, M. Ogawa, S. Singh, J. Bork, C.R.
Meyer, G.E. Edwards, J. Preiss and T.W. Okita. 2003. Manipulating
starch and storage protein biosynthesis during endosperm development
to increase rice yield. In: Rice Science: Innovations and Impact
for Livelihood. Eds. T.W. Mew, D.S. Brar, S. Peng, D. Dawe, B.
Hardy. International Rice Research Institute, Makati City, Philippines,
pp. 345-359.
Zheng, P., K. Ammar, A.M. Girard, S. Rodermel, D.R. Thomas, L.
Ning, J.B. Callis, G.E. Edwards and L. Daley. 2003. Test of an
in vivo method to detect chloroplast division in crop plants. Part
III: Statistical proofs of observation and general utility of the
method. Spectroscopy.
18:102-105.
Okita, T.W., Sakulsingharoj, C. S.-B. Choi, M. Ogawa, S. Singh,
H.S. Gupta, J. Bork, C.R. Meyer, G.E. Edwards, J. Preiss. 2003.
Metabolic engineering starch and protein biosynthesis in developing
rice seeds. Proceedings of the International Conference “BioThailand
2003: Technology for Life.” BIOTEC, PEACH, Pattaya, Thailand.
pp. 5-14.
Voznesenskaya E.V., G.E. Edwards, O. Kiirats, E.G. Artyusheva,
V.R. Franceschi. 2003. Development of biochemical specialization
and organelle partitioning in the single celled C4 system
in leaves of Borszczowia
aralocaspica (Chenopododiaceae). Am. J. Bot. 90:1669-1680.
Voznesenskaya, E.V., V.R. Franceschi, E.G. Artyusheva, C.C. Black,
V.I. Pyankov and G.E. Edwards. 2003. Development of the C4 photosynthetic
apparatus in cotyledons and leaves of Salsola
richteri (Chenopodiaceae).
Int. J. Plant Sci. 164:471-487.
Artyusheva E.G., G.E. Edwards, V.I. Pyankov. 2003. Photosynthesizing
tissue development in C4 cotyledons of two Salsola species
(Chenopodiaceae). Russian J. Plant Physiol. 50:4-18.
Bassman, J., R. Robberecht, G.E. Edwards. 2003. Photosynthesis
and growth in seedlings of five forest tree species with contrasting
leaf anatomy subjected to supplemental UV-B radiation. Forest Science
49:176-187.
Gibson, K.M., S.-K. Hwang, G.E. Edwards, T.W. Okita, C. Kato,
H. Mitsui and H. Ito. 2003. Metabolic engineering of starch for
enhanced plant productivity and yields. J. Appl. Glycosci. 50:201-205.
Edwards, G. E. and D. A. Walker. 1983. C3, C4: Mechanisms, and
Cellular and Environmental Regulation of Photosynthesis. Textbook
on C3, C4 Photosynthesis. Blackwell Scientific,
Oxford. pp. 542. Recognized as a major text in the field of carbon
assimilation in photosynthesis.
|
|
|
|
|
|
